Why RNA Vaccines for COVID-19 Raced to the Front of the Pack
These articles are from other websites and should be read in their entirety by clicking the link below.
Many years of research have enabled scientists to quickly synthesize RNA vaccines and deliver them inside cells.
Developing and testing a new vaccine typically takes at least 12 to 18 months. However, just over 10 months after the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was published, two pharmaceutical companies applied for FDA emergency use authorization of vaccines that appear to be highly effective against the virus.
Both vaccines are made from messenger RNA, the molecule that cells naturally use to carry DNA’s instructions to cells’ protein-building machinery. A vaccine based on mRNA has never been approved by the FDA before. However, many years of research have gone into RNA vaccines, which is one reason why scientists were able to start testing such vaccines against Covid-19 so quickly. Once the viral sequences were revealed in January, it took just days for pharmaceutical companies Moderna and Pfizer, along with its German partner BioNTech, to generate mRNA vaccine candidates.
“What’s particularly unique to mRNA is the ability to rapidly generate vaccines against new diseases. That I think is one of the most exciting stories behind this technology,” says Daniel Anderson, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT and a member of MIT’s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science.
Most traditional vaccines consist of either killed or weakened forms of a virus or bacterium. These provoke an immune response that allows the body to fight off the actual pathogen later on.
Instead of delivering a virus or a viral protein, RNA vaccines deliver genetic information that allows the body’s own cells to produce a viral protein. Synthetic mRNA that encodes a viral protein can borrow this machinery to produce many copies of the protein. These proteins stimulate the immune system to mount a response, without posing any risk of infection.
A key advantage of mRNA is that it is very easy to synthesize once researchers know the sequence of the viral protein they want to target. Most vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 provoke an immune response that targets the coronavirus spike protein, which is found on the surface of the virus and gives the virus its characteristic spiky shape. Messenger RNA vaccines encode segments of the spike protein, and those mRNA sequences are much easier to generate in the lab than the spike protein itself.
“With traditional vaccines, you have to do a lot of development. You need a big factory to make the protein, or the virus, and it takes a long time to grow them,” says Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT, a member of the Koch Institute, and one of the founders of Moderna. “The beauty of mRNA is that you don’t need that. If you inject nanoencapsulated mRNA into a person, it goes into the cells, and then the body is your factory. The body takes care of everything else from there.”
Langer has spent decades developing novel ways to deliver medicines, including therapeutic nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. In the 1970s, he published the first study showing that it was possible to encapsulate nucleic acids, as well as other large molecules, in tiny particles and deliver them into the body. (Work by MIT Institute Professor Phillip Sharp and others on RNA splicing, which also laid groundwork for today’s mRNA vaccines, began in the ’70s as well.)
“It was very controversial at the time,” Langer recalls. “Everybody told us it was impossible, and my first nine grants were rejected. I spent about two years working on it, and I found over 200 ways to get it to not work. But then eventually I did find a way to get it to work.”
Click to read the full article

Senior Biden officials now say COVID lab leak theory just as plausible as natural origins explanation

UK Intelligence Services Investigating Wuhan Lab Leak Theory As Most Probable

Scientist Advices ‘Not a Huge Deal’ to Wear Masks Forever

13-Year-Old Dies Days After COVID Vaccine

Facebook Should Reinstate Users Banned for ‘Lab Leak’ Coronavirus Theory

White House Colludes with Facebook to Censor ‘Misinformation’

Facebook Will Now Unperson Individuals Who Spread ‘Misinformation’

Heart Inflammation Disorder in Young Coronavirus Vaccine Recipients says CDC

Deaths from Covid Over 600,000 Milestone as Country Reopens

Disney lifting the mask mandate for their parks

U.S. Report Concluded COVID-19 Probably Leaked from Wuhan Lab

Twelve Months Ago Fauci Briefed World Leaders on Lab Leak

‘Murica: Ohio sees increase in vaccinations after announcing vaccine lottery

Wuhan Lab Researchers Sickened in September of 2020 Before Coronavirus Outbreak

COVID ground zero? The Wuhan lab-leak theory and the Fauci connection

The Washington Post REVERSES on Wuhan Lab Theory

After Mass Confusion, Former Surgeon General Says CDC ‘Fumbled’ New Mask Guidelines

Meet the Maskaholics

Fauci admits to masking after vaccination for the sake of optics, not science

Several states report zero COVID deaths for the first time in months

Senate Discards Masks, House Mandate Remains

Average daily U.S. Covid cases fall below 40,000 for the first time since September

The Pandemic is OVER!!!!!!

‘Virus-Free’ North Korea prepares health workers for ‘war’ with COVID-19, confusing residents

Iran Debuts Anti-Coronavirus ‘Spray’ Alleged to ‘Deactivate’ Virus

New Israeli Drugs May Cure COVID, Successful In Clinical Trials

People Discover they are Addicted to Coronavirus Lockdowns

DeSantis leads as other Republican governors drag their feet

You Simply Cannot Make Up Cuomo’s Latest Advice on the COVID Vaccine

CVS and Walgreens wasted more COVID-19 vaccines than most states combined

“Senior Biden administration officials overseeing an intelligence review into the…
Intelligence agencies in the United Kingdom are reportedly working with…
Dozens of Houston Methodist employees protested outside the hospital, some…
A member of the government’s scientific advisory committee, who is…
Twitter locked the account of the National File, a national…
Turning Point USA (TPUSA) announced this week that it is…
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and several other Republicans introduced legislation…
YouTube, the Google-owned video platform, blocked a news clip of…
Facebook got it wrong. They’ve got it wrong on many…
YouTube has reinstated a video it censored of a school…
On Thursday, White House press secretary Jen Psaki admitted that…
Author Naomi Wolf, until recently known primarily for her left-wing…
Monkeypox “typically begins with flu-like illness and swelling of the…
Social media giant Facebook has announced that it will now…
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is…
Comedian and former Daily Show host Jon Stewart was one…
The United States has now lost over 600,000 mothers, fathers,…
Vaccinated visitors to Disney World and Disneyland will no longer…
Novavax Inc on Monday reported late-stage data from its U.S.-based…
A report on the origins of COVID-19 by a U.S.…
Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said that Dr. Anthony Fauci…
Apart from the 4th of July, nothing makes me feel…
Anew report reveals that several workers from the Wuhan Institute…
As the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic continues into its second year, few…
People who are fully vaccinated against coronavirus no longer need…
Back in early 2020, the Washington Post’s alleged fact checker…
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis will pardon anyone in the Sunshine…
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) spurred nationwide…
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott on Tuesday ordered all government entities…
As an advocate of masking throughout much of the pandemic…
Michigan’s Democrat Governor Gretchen Whitmer may soon be forced to…
In an interview with Good Morning America Tuesday morning, Dr.…
“The problem and the issue is that we don’t have…
Over the weekend, Texas reported reaching the milestone of zero…